001 DATA1
DATA001,99999
CALL004,99999
CALL10000,0010
CALL10002
CALL002
STOP
002 DATA1
DATA002
DATA002,10001
DATA001,10001
DATA10001
CONTINUE002
004 DATA000066
CALL005,004
DATA004
CONTINUE004
005 DATA1
CALL10000,0010020002000200020002000211
006 IF005,0
CALL10000,0300
IF005,1
CALL10000,0301
IF005,2
CALL10000,0302
IF005,3
CALL10000,0303
IF005,4
CALL10000,0304
IF005,5
CALL10000,0305
IF005,6
CALL10000,0306
IF005,7
CALL10000,0307
CALL002
DATA005
CONTINUE005,006
C THIS IS A LIBRARY THAT CONVERTS 4-BIT ITEMS ENQUEUED INTO 10000 AS 2 DIGITS
C INTO 3-BIT ITEMS IN 1 DIGIT THAT ARE AVAILABLE AT 10001.
C CALL 10000 TO PROCESS ITEMS FROM 10000 INTO 10001.
C CALL 10002 TO FLUSH THE FINAL DANGLING BITS (0-2 BITS).
C IF 000002 IS A DATA STATEMENT, CALLING 10000 WILL DEQUEUE FROM IT. BEST
C NOT TO HAVE 000002 AS A LABEL (WHICH WOULD REQUIRE A CONTINUATION LINE).
10000 DATA 000002
IF 10003,11000
CALL 10100
IF 10003,11001
CALL 10110
IF 10003,11002
CALL 10120
DATA 10003
DATA 10000
CONTINUE 10000
10001 DATA 1
C FLUSH THE FINAL DANGLING BITS
10002 IF 10003,11000
CONTINUE 10002
DATA 10001,10004
DATA 10004
C REINITIALIZE 10003 TO 012
IF 10003,11001
DATA 10003
DATA 10003
DATA 10003,012
CONTINUE 10002
C 10003 HOLDS THE NUMBER OF DANGLING BITS
10003 DATA 1,012
C 10004 HOLDS THE VALUE OF THE DANGLING BITS
10004 DATA 1
C NO DANGLING BITS FROM BEFORE. LEAVES 1 DANGLING BIT FOR NEXT ITEM.
10100 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12000
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10004,11004
CONTINUE 10100
C 1 DANGLING BIT FROM BEFORE. LEAVES 2 DANGLING BITS FOR NEXT ITEM.
10110 IF 10004,11000
CALL 10111
IF 10004,11004
CALL 10112
DATA 10004
CONTINUE 10110
C DANGLING 0 FROM BEFORE
10111 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12000
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10004,11006
CONTINUE 10111
C DANGLING 1 FROM BEFORE
10112 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12000
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10004,11006
CONTINUE 10112
C 2 DANGLING BITS FROM BEFORE. LEAVES NO DANGLING BITS FOR NEXT ITEM.
10120 IF 10004,11000
CALL 10121
IF 10004,11002
CALL 10122
IF 10004,11004
CALL 10123
IF 10004,11006
CALL 10124
DATA 10003,13012
DATA 10004
IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11007
CONTINUE 10120
C DANGLING 00 FROM BEFORE
10121 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11001
CONTINUE 10121
C DANGLING 01 FROM BEFORE
10122 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11003
CONTINUE 10122
C DANGLING 10 FROM BEFORE
10123 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11005
CONTINUE 10123
C DANGLING 11 FROM BEFORE
10124 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11007
CONTINUE 10124
C CONSTANTS
11000 DATA 1,0
11001 DATA 1,1
11002 DATA 1,2
11003 DATA 1,3
11004 DATA 1,4
11005 DATA 1,5
11006 DATA 1,6
11007 DATA 1,7
12000 DATA 2,00
12001 DATA 2,01
12002 DATA 2,02
12003 DATA 2,03
12004 DATA 2,04
12005 DATA 2,05
12006 DATA 2,06
12007 DATA 2,07
12008 DATA 2,08
12009 DATA 2,09
12010 DATA 2,10
12011 DATA 2,11
12012 DATA 2,12
12013 DATA 2,13
12014 DATA 2,14
12015 DATA 2,15
13012 DATA 3,012
99999 DATA 40000,
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Monday, March 29, 2010
Here is a RESOL program that prints itself.
Monday, March 22, 2010
Here is 99 bottles of beer in RESOL.
C 99 BOTTLES IN RESOL
001 DATA 000001
DATA 003,9876543210
DATA 004,9876543210
DATA 005,99
CALL 007,7
CALL 10002
CALL 002
STOP
002 DATA 000001
DATA 002
DATA 002,10001
DATA 001,10001
DATA 10001
CONTINUE 002
003 DATA 000001
004 DATA 000001
005 DATA 000002
C DECREMENT COUNTER
006 IF 003,0
DATA 003,9876543210
IF 003,0
DATA 004
DATA 003
DATA 005,004
DATA 005,003
DATA 005
CONTINUE 006
007 DATA 000001
CALL 100,005
CALL 008
CALL 10000,0200 0415 0406 0200 0402 0405 0405 0502
+ 0200 0415 0414 0200 0504 0408 0405
+ 0200 0507 0401 0412 0412 0212 0200
CALL 100,005
CALL 008
CALL 10000,0200 0415 0406 0200 0402 0405 0405 0502 0214 0010
CALL 002
IF 00,005
CONTINUE 007,009
CALL 10000,0504 0401 0411 0405 0200 0415 0414 0405
+ 0200 0404 0415 0507 0414 0200 0401 0414 0404
+ 0200 0500 0401 0503 0503 0200 0409 0504
+ 0200 0401 0502 0415 0505 0414 0404 0212 0200
CALL 006
CALL 100,005
CALL 008
CALL 10000,0200 0415 0406 0200 0402 0405 0405 0502
+ 0200 0415 0414 0200 0504 0408 0405
+ 0200 0507 0401 0412 0412 0214 0010 0010
CALL 002
CONTINUE 007
C BOTTLE(S)
008 CALL 10000,0200 0402 0415 0504 0504 0412 0405
IF 01,005
CONTINUE 008
CALL 10000,0503
CONTINUE 008
009 CALL 10000,0407 0415 0200 0504 0415 0200 0504 0408 0405
+ 0200 0503 0504 0415 0502 0405 0200 0401 0414 0404
+ 0200 0402 0505 0509 0200 0503 0415 0413 0405
+ 0200 0413 0415 0502 0405 0212 0200 0309 0309
+ 0200 0402 0415 0504 0504 0412 0405 0503
+ 0200 0415 0406 0200 0402 0405 0405 0502
+ 0200 0415 0414 0200 0504 0408 0405
+ 0200 0507 0401 0412 0412 0214 0010
DATA 007
CONTINUE 007
C OUTPUT PASSED IN COUNT OR "NO MORE" WHEN COUNT IS 00
100 DATA 000001
IF 100,0
CALL 101
CONTINUE 100,103
101 DATA 100
IF 100,0
CALL 10000,0414041502000413041505020405
IF 100,0
CONTINUE 100,102
CALL 104
102 DATA 100
CONTINUE 101
103 CALL 104
DATA 100
CALL 104
DATA 100
CONTINUE 100
104 IF 100,0
CALL 10000,0300
IF 100,1
CALL 10000,0301
IF 100,2
CALL 10000,0302
IF 100,3
CALL 10000,0303
IF 100,4
CALL 10000,0304
IF 100,5
CALL 10000,0305
IF 100,6
CALL 10000,0306
IF 100,7
CALL 10000,0307
IF 100,8
CALL 10000,0308
IF 100,9
CALL 10000,0309
CONTINUE 104
C THIS IS A LIBRARY THAT CONVERTS 4-BIT ITEMS ENQUEUED INTO 10000 AS 2 DIGITS
C INTO 3-BIT ITEMS IN 1 DIGIT THAT ARE AVAILABLE AT 10001.
C CALL 10000 TO PROCESS ITEMS FROM 10000 INTO 10001.
C CALL 10002 TO FLUSH THE FINAL DANGLING BITS (0-2 BITS).
C
C IF 000002 IS A DATA STATEMENT, CALLING 10000 WILL DEQUEUE FROM IT. BEST
C NOT TO HAVE 000002 AS A LABEL (WHICH WOULD REQUIRE A CONTINUATION LINE).
C
10000 DATA 000002
IF 10003,11000
CALL 10100
IF 10003,11001
CALL 10110
IF 10003,11002
CALL 10120
DATA 10003
DATA 10000
CONTINUE 10000
10001 DATA 1
C
C FLUSH THE FINAL DANGLING BITS
10002 IF 10003,11000
CONTINUE 10002
DATA 10001,10004
DATA 10004
C REINITIALIZE 10003 TO 012
IF 10003,11001
DATA 10003
DATA 10003
DATA 10003,012
CONTINUE 10002
C
C 10003 HOLDS THE NUMBER OF DANGLING BITS
10003 DATA 1,012
C 10004 HOLDS THE VALUE OF THE DANGLING BITS
10004 DATA 1
C
C NO DANGLING BITS FROM BEFORE. LEAVES 1 DANGLING BIT FOR NEXT ITEM.
10100 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12000
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10004,11004
CONTINUE 10100
C
C 1 DANGLING BIT FROM BEFORE. LEAVES 2 DANGLING BITS FOR NEXT ITEM.
10110 IF 10004,11000
CALL 10111
IF 10004,11004
CALL 10112
DATA 10004
CONTINUE 10110
C DANGLING 0 FROM BEFORE
10111 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12000
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10004,11006
CONTINUE 10111
C DANGLING 1 FROM BEFORE
10112 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12000
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10004,11006
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10004,11000
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10004,11002
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10004,11004
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10004,11006
CONTINUE 10112
C
C 2 DANGLING BITS FROM BEFORE. LEAVES NO DANGLING BITS FOR NEXT ITEM.
10120 IF 10004,11000
CALL 10121
IF 10004,11002
CALL 10122
IF 10004,11004
CALL 10123
IF 10004,11006
CALL 10124
DATA 10003,13012
DATA 10004
IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11007
CONTINUE 10120
C DANGLING 00 FROM BEFORE
10121 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11000
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11001
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11001
CONTINUE 10121
C DANGLING 01 FROM BEFORE
10122 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11002
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11003
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11003
CONTINUE 10122
C DANGLING 10 FROM BEFORE
10123 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11004
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11005
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11005
CONTINUE 10123
C DANGLING 11 FROM BEFORE
10124 IF 10000,12000
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12001
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12002
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12003
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12004
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12005
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12006
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12007
DATA 10001,11006
IF 10000,12008
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12009
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12010
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12011
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12012
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12013
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12014
DATA 10001,11007
IF 10000,12015
DATA 10001,11007
CONTINUE 10124
C
C CONSTANTS
11000 DATA 1,0
11001 DATA 1,1
11002 DATA 1,2
11003 DATA 1,3
11004 DATA 1,4
11005 DATA 1,5
11006 DATA 1,6
11007 DATA 1,7
12000 DATA 2,00
12001 DATA 2,01
12002 DATA 2,02
12003 DATA 2,03
12004 DATA 2,04
12005 DATA 2,05
12006 DATA 2,06
12007 DATA 2,07
12008 DATA 2,08
12009 DATA 2,09
12010 DATA 2,10
12011 DATA 2,11
12012 DATA 2,12
12013 DATA 2,13
12014 DATA 2,14
12015 DATA 2,15
13012 DATA 3,012
Monday, March 15, 2010
After getting reacquainted with Haskell, I really like using it. However, using lots of higher-order functions and operators makes for dense APL-like code that is inaccessible to those unfamiliar with those functions and operators. And, parser combinators introduce very expressive and extensible ways to create parsers, but would also look foreign to the uninitiated. But these operators and functions also can be used to make very elegant and maintainable code.
For example, I'm writing code to deal with JVM class files. To write to a class file, I want to convert various things to a list of bytes, so I made a typeclass for that:
Then, since many objects, when converted to a list of bytes, are just the concatenation of the conversion of component objects, I defined
which is an example of dense APL-like code, using the (.) and ($) operators and the flip and concatMap higher-order functions. However, it enables this:
For most of the cases, having the ToBytes type class doesn't buy me that much. It saves having to have separate names for jvmClassToBytes, word16ToBytes, word32ToBytes, etc, but they still have to be defined. However, when there are lists of items in the class file format, it is preceded with a 16 bit count, so I can define
so the constant pool (with a hack for the off by 1 length and the double-sized long and double constants), and the lists of interfaces, fields, methods, and attributes can be taken care of by defining toBytes for single items.
For reading class files, I learned how to make a state-transformer monad, which looks like this
There are the uncurry higher-order function and the (.) operator making things hard to understand for those unfamiliar with them, not to mention the odd looking (,) constructor. However, it enables code like this:
which is very maintainable.
Using Functor and Applicative
it could be written more concisely, but with more weird operators:
readJVMClass (readWord32, readWord16, ...) doesn't return a JVMClass (Word32, Word16, ...), it returns a state transformer, which is a function that takes a state, and returns an updated state and a JVMClass (Word32, Word16, ...). readJVMClass just builds a state transformer that chains other state transformers and extracts the values that they return. To actually do the reading and building, one must use runST.
For example, I'm writing code to deal with JVM class files. To write to a class file, I want to convert various things to a list of bytes, so I made a typeclass for that:
class ToBytes a where
toBytes :: a -> [Word8]
Then, since many objects, when converted to a list of bytes, are just the concatenation of the conversion of component objects, I defined
concatAccessors :: [a -> [b]] -> a -> [b]
concatAccessors = flip (.) (flip ($)) . flip concatMap
which is an example of dense APL-like code, using the (.) and ($) operators and the flip and concatMap higher-order functions. However, it enables this:
instance ToBytes JVMClass where
toBytes = concatAccessors [
toBytes . jvmClassMagic,
toBytes . jvmClassMinorVersion,
toBytes . jvmClassMajorVersion,
toBytes . jvmClassConstantPool,
toBytes . jvmClassAccessFlags,
toBytes . jvmClassThisClass,
toBytes . jvmClassSuperClass,
toBytes . jvmClassInterfaces,
toBytes . jvmClassFields,
toBytes . jvmClassMethods,
toBytes . jvmClassAttributes
]
For most of the cases, having the ToBytes type class doesn't buy me that much. It saves having to have separate names for jvmClassToBytes, word16ToBytes, word32ToBytes, etc, but they still have to be defined. However, when there are lists of items in the class file format, it is preceded with a 16 bit count, so I can define
instance ToBytes a => ToBytes [a] where
toBytes l = toBytes (fromIntegral (length l) :: Word16) ++ concatMap toBytes l
so the constant pool (with a hack for the off by 1 length and the double-sized long and double constants), and the lists of interfaces, fields, methods, and attributes can be taken care of by defining toBytes for single items.
For reading class files, I learned how to make a state-transformer monad, which looks like this
newtype ST st a = ST (st -> (a,st))
instance Monad (ST st) where
p >>= q = ST (uncurry (s . q) . s p) where s (ST t) = t
return = ST . (,)
runST :: ST st a -> st -> a
runST (ST t) = fst . t
There are the uncurry higher-order function and the (.) operator making things hard to understand for those unfamiliar with them, not to mention the odd looking (,) constructor. However, it enables code like this:
readJVMClass :: ST State JVMClass
readJVMClass = do
magic <- readWord32
minorVersion <- readWord16
majorVersion <- readWord16
constantPool <- readConstantPool
accessFlags <- readWord16
thisClass <- readWord16
superClass <- readWord16
interfaces <- readList readWord16
fields <- readList readField
methods <- readList readMethod
attributes <- readList readAttribute
return (JVMClass magic minorVersion majorVersion constantPool accessFlags
thisClass superClass interfaces fields methods attributes)
which is very maintainable.
Using Functor and Applicative
instance Functor (ST st) where
fmap f p = do { a <- p; return (f a) }
instance Applicative (ST st) where
pure = return
p <*> q = do { f <- p; a <- q; return (f a) }
it could be written more concisely, but with more weird operators:
readJVMClass = JVMClass <$> readWord32
<*> readWord16
<*> readWord16
<*> readConstantPool
<*> readWord16
<*> readWord16
<*> readWord16
<*> readList readWord16
<*> readList readField
<*> readList readMethod
<*> readList readAttribute
readJVMClass (readWord32, readWord16, ...) doesn't return a JVMClass (Word32, Word16, ...), it returns a state transformer, which is a function that takes a state, and returns an updated state and a JVMClass (Word32, Word16, ...). readJVMClass just builds a state transformer that chains other state transformers and extracts the values that they return. To actually do the reading and building, one must use runST.
Monday, March 8, 2010
There was some feature that, due to changes in an external service, stopped working. The trunk was fixed to work with the new version of the external service, but the release branch was not. The bug report classified it as a regression, but it wasn't a regression, as the feature had stopped working in the same manner in production. It was decided that it was too risky to copy the fix from the trunk to the release branch.
Now, this new release also included the launch of a new virtual host, where having the non-working feature was not an option, so it was decided that the feature had to be disabled for that virtual host, so an ugly hack got put in to disable that feature for one set of use cases. Then, I got called in to review the hack and was told that it needed to be extended to some other use cases. It turned out that I had added a general mechanism to do per-virtual host configuration 8 or 9 months earlier for another feature, so the ugly hack was reverted, and per-virtual host configuration was changed to disable that feature for all the use cases on that virtual host.
Now, this new release also included the launch of a new virtual host, where having the non-working feature was not an option, so it was decided that the feature had to be disabled for that virtual host, so an ugly hack got put in to disable that feature for one set of use cases. Then, I got called in to review the hack and was told that it needed to be extended to some other use cases. It turned out that I had added a general mechanism to do per-virtual host configuration 8 or 9 months earlier for another feature, so the ugly hack was reverted, and per-virtual host configuration was changed to disable that feature for all the use cases on that virtual host.
Monday, March 1, 2010
I got a 3am call because of some problem when a new version went out to production. It turned out to be some code using an external hostname that was invisible to the internal host. I wasn't involved in figuring out the problem, because I was looking at the pieces that I had worked on. When it was figured out, I went back to sleep. These problems keep turning up because there are no distinct internal and external hostnames in the testing and development environments, and anyone new to the project hasn't gotten lots of these late-night calls.
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